School of Physics - Universiti Sains Malaysia

FABRICATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF POLYTHIOPHENE, POLY(3-THIOPHENE ACETIC ACID) AND POLYPYRROLE AS SOLAR CELL

ABSTRACT

This study focuses on the fabrication and characterization of Poly (3-thiophene acetic acid) (P3TAA), polypyrrole (PPY) and polythiophene (PT) solar cell. These CP were synthesized via polymerization using Ferric Chloride, FeCl

3 as catalyst. These polymers characterized several groups possess vibration modes by using FTIR spectroscopy. These CP were diluted in acetonitrile at 1 × 10-4 M and indium tin oxide (ITO) was used as a substrate. The deposition of thin film in pn hetero-junction and bulk hetero-junction was done by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The electrical conductivity and optical energy band gap of CP, AlQ3 and CHLO thin film were measured by a four point probes method and UV-Visible spectroscopy. The CP solar cell was fabricated in pn hetero-junction (ITO/CP/CHLO/Au) and bulk hetero-junction (ITO/CP+CHLO/Au). The power conversion efficiency of a single solar cell was determined. The result shows that PT, P3TAA and PPY were successfully polymerized which was confirmed by FTIR spectra of thiophene monomer and the PT where the broad band occur at 1630 – 1645 cm-1 clearly indicated the poly-conjugation. The comparison result of FTIR spectra shows that the C – C in 3TAA has a weak peak at frequency 1745 cm-1, but after polymerization the C – C showed a broad peak appearing at 1599 cm-1 for P3TAA. The band at 1539 – 1549 cm-1 in the spectrum of PPY shows the vibration modes of C-C in PPY. The cyclic voltamogram of PT, P3TAA and PPY shows that the deposition process can be taken at the voltage range of -2.0 V to 2.0 V. The electrical conductivity of ITO/CP/CHLO under 100W/m2

light was increased to about 13.64% compared with the dark. ITO/P3TAA/CHLO and ITO/PPY/CHLO single solar cell was shown to have the highest power convesion efficiency which is about 4.54% and 4.45% respectively, compared with ITO/PT/CHLO which is 2.33%.

 

ABSTRAK

Kajian ini adalah memberi tumpuan kepada fabrikasi dan pencirian sel suria politifena (PT), Poli (3-thiofena asid asetik) (P3TAA) dan polypyrrole (PPY) iaitu kumpulan polimer mengkonduksi (CP). CP ini telah disintesis melalui pempolimeran menggunakan Ferik Klorida, FeCl

 

3 sebagai pemangkin. Pencirian kumpulan berfungsi bagi CP telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan spektroskopi FTIR. CP telah dilarutkan dalam asetonitril pada kepekatan 1 × 10-4 M dan indium timah oksida (ITO) digunakan sebagai substrat. Pemendapan filem nipis CP telah dilakukan oleh kaedah elektrokimia. Jurang tenaga dan kekonduksian elektrik bagi CP, AlQ3 dan CHLO masing-masing adalah menggunakan kaedah penduga empat titik dan spektroskopi UV-nampak. Kekonduksian elektrik bagi CP, AlQ3 dan CHLO telah dilakukan dalam gelap dan cahaya. Fabrikasi Sel suria CP disediakan dalam hetero-simpangan- pn (ITO/CP/CHLO/Au) dan hetero simpang pukal (ITO / CP + CHLO /Au). Kecekapan penukaran kuasa sel suria telah ditentukan. Hasil ujikaji menunjukkan bahawa PT, P3TAA dan PPY telah berjaya dipolimerkan. Spektrum FTIR PT menunjukkan bahawa jalur lebar berlaku pada 1630 - 1645 cm-1 jelas menunjukkan poli-konjugat. Hasil perbandingan Spektra FTIR menunjukkan bahawa C – C dalam 3TAA menunjukkan puncak lemah pada 1745 cm-1, tetapi selepas pempolimeran C – C menunjukkan puncak yang luas muncul di 1599 cm-1 untuk P3TAA. Jalur pada 1539 - 1549 cm-1 dalam spektrum PPY telah menunjukkan tanda mod getaran C – C dalam PPY. Voltamogram kitaran PT, P3TAA dan PPY menunjukkan bahawa proses pemendapan boleh dilakukan pada julat voltan -2.0 V kepada 2.0 V. Kekonduksian elektrik bagi PT, P3TAA and PPY adalah bertambah sebanyak 13.64% di dalam cahaya 100W/m2

berbanding dengan dalam keadaan gelap. Sel suria tunggal ITO/P3TAA/CHLO dan ITO/PPY/CHLO telah menunjukkan kecekapan penukaran kuasa tertinggi masing-masing ialah 4.54% dan 4.45%, berbanding dengan ITO/PT/CHLO adalah 2.33%.

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The Dean, School of Physics,
Universiti Sains Malaysia,
11800 USM,
Penang, Malaysia

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