School of Physics - Universiti Sains Malaysia

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LIGHT EMITTING DIODES: Construction, Emission & Application

INTRODUCTION

Light emitting diodes has gained its breakthrough since the last decade in variety of application and is considered as the most widely used semiconductor diode. LEDs have rapidly emerged as a highly preferable replacement to traditional incandescent bulbs and compact fluorescent lamps for home lighting. We can also find LEDs been applied everywhere as simple as just an indicator or even as an illumination source in our cars, mobile phones, television, street lighting and even in sensor system and medical based devices. LEDs has various advantages over the conventional light sources such as low power consumption, small size, fast switching, physically robust and long lasting and available in diverse peak emission wavelengths from ultraviolet, visible up to infrared. Knowing that LEDs capable of illuminating towards a brighter future, we design this training program to cover essential topics related to LEDs from the very fundamental characteristics of light to the construction and utilization of LEDs.

CONTENTS

1. Fundamental of Light and Ray Tracing

  • Nature of light wave and particle
  • Reflection and transmission
  • Constructive and destructive of light interference
  • Light Refraction
  • Ray optic in mirror, thin films and Lens

2. Introduction to Light Emitting Diode

  • Material system
  • Growth techniques
  • Basic principle of LEDs operation
  • Semiconductor materials for LEDs
  • Colour, wavelength and photon energy
  • Energy Bandgap tunability and Vegard’s law

3.White Light Emitting Diode

  • Light colour addition and subtraction spectra
  • Definition of colour temperature and colour rendering
  • White Light Generation
    ➦ Phosphor Conversion
    ➦ RGB
    ➦ Other techniques

4. Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) Display Technology

  • Introduction to OLED
  • Device architecture and working principle
  • Electron injection and transport layer
  • Hole injection and transport layer
  • Emission layer
  • Progress in display technology

5. Enhancement of Light extraction in Light Emitting Diode materials

  • Electromagnetic light spectrum
  • Refractive index and wavelengths
  • Interface and Snell’s law
  • Total internal reflection and critical angle
  • Light Escape cone
  • Output light enhancement from materials
  • Methods for light enhancement from light emitting diodes

6. Thermal Management of Light Emitting Diode

  • Introduction: An emerging need for thermal management
  • Theory & Application
  • Heat generation in electronics like LEDs
  • Active and passive cooling techniques
  • Advanced cooling technologies
  • Thermal management materials and selection
  • Issues in thermal management materials
  • Thermal management in high power LEDs

7. Key Performance Parameters

  • Power, luminous, flux and efficiency
  • Controller and driver circuit
  • Switching, duty cycle and brightness

8. Application of Light Emitting Diode

  • Spectral characteristics of LED and other light sources
  • Demonstration on the use of spectrometer in LED spectral measurement
  • LEDs application in sensing

9. Lab Visit – Nano Laboratory

10. Lab Visit – Thermal Laboratory

11. Lab Visit – SpectroscopyLab

The Dean, School of Physics,
Universiti Sains Malaysia,
11800 USM,
Penang, Malaysia

Tel : 604 653 3200  |  Fax: 604 657 9150  |   Email :  This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. |